1988 - 1989 Graduate Research Assistant with Dr. Toby G. Bedford, Department of Physical Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR

1989 - 1993 Pre-doctoral fellow with Dr. Peter B. Raven, Department of Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX

1993 - 1996 Post-doctoral fellow with Dr. John M. Johnson, Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

July 1, 1996-2002 Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Research Scientist, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, Dallas, TX.

2002-present Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Research Scientist, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, Dallas, TX

1. Bedford T.G., Loi PK, Crandall CG. A model of dynamic exercise: the decerebrate rat locomotor preparation. J. Appl. Physiol. 72:121-27, 1992.
2. Shi X., Squires WG, Williamson JW, Crandall CG, Chen JJ, Krock LP, Raven PB. Aerobic fitness: I. Response of volume regulating hormones to head-down tilt. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:991-8, 1992.
3. Williamson JW, Shi X, Chen JJ, Crandall CG, Squires WG, Krock LP, Raven PB. Aerobic fitness: II. Orthostasis and VO2peak following head-down tilt. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:999-1006, 1992.
4. Hartung GH, Krock LP, Crandall CG, Bisson RU, Myhre LG. Prediction of maximal oxygen uptake from submaximal exercise testing in aerobically fit and nonfit men. Aviat. Space and Environ. Med., 64:735-40 1993.
5. Shi X, Crandall CG, Potts JT, Foresman BH, Raven PB. A diminished aortic-cardiac reflex during hypotension in aerobically fit young men. Med. Sci. Spoort Exer. 25:1024-30, 1993.
6. Williamson JW, Crandall CG, Shi X, Squires WG, Raven PB. Hormonal responses to head-up tilt following four hours of head-down tilt. Aviat. Space Environ Med. 64:606-611, 1993.
7. Shi X, Crandall CG, Raven PB. Hemodynamic responses to graded lower body positive pressure. Am. J. Physiol. 265:H69-73, 1993.
8. Williamson JW, Crandall CG, Potts JT, Raven PB. Blood pressure responses to dynamic exercise with lower-body positive pressure. Med Sci. Sports Exerc. 26:701-8, 1994.
9. Crandall CG, Taylor S, Raven PB. Validation of the Cosmed K2 portable oxygen uptake analyzer. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 25:108-11, 1994.
10. Crandall CG, Engelke KA, Pawelczyk JA, Raven PB, Convertino VA. Power spectral and time based analysis of heart rate variability following 15 days simulated microgravity exposure. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 65:1105-9, 1994.
11. Crandall CG, Engelke KA, Convertino VA, Raven PB. Aortic baroreflex control of heart rate following 15 days simulated microgravity exposure. J. Appl. Physiol. 77:2134-9, 1994.
12. Crandall CG, Johnson JM, Convertino VA, Raven PB, Engelke KE. Altered thermoregulatory responses following 15 days simulated microgravity. J. Appl. Physiol. 77:1863-7, 1994.
13. Grossman M., Jamieson MJ, Kellogg DL, Kosiba WA, Pergola PE, Crandall CG,  Shepherd AM. The effect of iontophoresis on the cutaneous vasculature. Evidence for galvanic hyperemia. Microvasc.Res., 50:444-452, 1995.
14. Johnson JM, Pergola PE, Liao FK, Kellogg DL, Jr., Crandall CG. The skin of the dorsal aspect of human hands and fingers possesses an active vasodilator system. J. Appl. Physiol. 78:948-54, 1995.
15. Kellogg DL, Pergola PE, Piest KL, Kosiba WA, Crandall CG, Johnson JM. Cutaneous active vasodilation in humans is mediated by cholinergic nerve co-transmission. Circ. Res. 77:1222-1228, 1995.
16. Crandall CG, Musick J, Hatch JP, Kellogg DL,  Johnson JM. Cutaneous vascular and sudomotor responses to isometric exercise in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 79:1946-1950, 1995.
17. Engelke KA, Doerr DF, Crandall CG, Convertino VA. Application of acute maximal exercise to protect orthostatic tolerance after simulated microgravity. Am. J. Physiol., 271:R837-R847, 1996.
18. Crandall CG, Kellogg DL, Jr., Kosiba WA, Johnson JM. Baroreceptor control of the cutaneous active vasodilator system. J. Appl. Physiol. 81:2192-2198, 1996.
19. Crandall CG, Etzel RA, Johnson JM. Evidence of functional beta-adrenoceptors in the cutaneous vasculature. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 42): H1038-H1043, 1997.
20. Crandall CG, Stephens DP, Johnson JM. Muscle metaboreceptor activation reduces cutaneous active vasodilator activity during isometric exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30:490-496, 1998.
21. Kellogg DL, Jr., Crandall CG, Liu Y, Charkoudian N, Johnson JM. Nitric oxide and cutaneous active vasodilation during heat stress in humans. J. Appl. Physiol.85:824-829, 1998.
22. Crandall CG, Levine BD, Etzel RA. Effect of increasing central venous pressure during passive heating on skin blood flow. J. Appl. Physiol. 86:605-610, 1999.
23. Crandall CG, Etzel RA, Farr DB. Cardiopulmonary baroreceptor control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in heat-stressed humans. Am. J. Physiol. (Heart & Circulatory Physiol. 46) H2348-H2352, 1999.
24. Crandall CG. Carotid baroreflex responsiveness in heat-stressed humans. Am. J. Physiol. (Heart & Circulatory Physiol.); 279:H1955-H1962, 2000.
25. Crandall CG, Zhang R, Levine BD. Effects of whole-body heating on dynamic baroreflex regulation of heart rate in humans. Am. J. Physiol. (Heart & Circulatory Physiol.), 279: H2486-H2492, 2000.
26. Zhang R, Behbehani K, Crandall CG, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Dynamic regulation of heart rate during acute hypotension: A new insight into baroreflex function. Am. J. Physiol. Heart & Circulatory Physiol. 280:407-419, 2001.
27. Shibasaki M, and Crandall CG. Effect of local acetylcholinesterase inhibition on sweat rate in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 90:757-762, 2001.
28. Crandall CG, Maclean DA. Cutaneous interstitial nitric oxide concentration does not increase during heat stress in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 90:1020-1024, 2001.
29. Kondo N, Shibasaki M, Aoki K, Kona S, Inoue Y, Crandall CG. The function of human eccrine sweat gland during heat stress and dynamic exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 90:1877-1881, 2001.
30. Shibasaki M, Kondo N, Crandall CG. Evidence for metaboreceptor stimulation of sweating in normothermic and heat-stressed humans. J. Physiol. (London), 534:605-611, 2001.

31. Wilson TE, Cui J, Crandall CG. Absence of baroreflex modulation of skin sympathetic nerve activity and sweat rate during whole-body heating in humans. J. Physiol. (London), 536:615-623, 2001.

32. Cui J, Wilson TE, Hodges NA, Crandall CG. Baroreflex modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during post-handgrip muscle ischemia in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 91:1679-1686, 2001.

33. Cui J, Wilson TE, Crandall CG. Baroreflex modulation of sympathetic nerve activity to muscle in heat-stressed humans. Am. J. Physiol. Reg. Comp. Physiol. 282:R252-R258, 2002.

34. Crandall CG, Shibasaki M, Yen TC. Evidence that the human cutaneous venoarteriolar response is not mediated by adrenergic mechanisms. J. Physiol. (London), 538.2:599-605, 2002.

35. Cui J, Wilson TE, Crandall CG. Baroreflex modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during cold pressor test in humans. Am. J. Physiol. Heart & Circulatory Physiol. 282:H1717-H1723, 2002.

36. Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Iwasaki K, Wilson TE, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Autonomic neural control of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans. Circulation, 106:1814-1820, 2002.

37. Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Iwasaki K, Behbehanai K, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Mechanism of blood pressure and R-R variability: Insights from ganglion blockade in humans. J. Physiol. (London) 543:377-348, 2002.      

38. Crandall CG, Vongpatanasin W, Victor RG. Mechanism of cocaine-induced hyperthermia in humans. Ann. Int. Med.136:785-791, 2002. 

39. Wilson TE, Cui J, Zhang R, Witkowski S, Crandall CG. Skin cooling maintains cerebral blood velocity and improves orthostatic tolerance during tilting in the heated humans. J. Appl. Physiol., 93:85-91, 2002.

40. Wilson TE, Cui J, Crandall CG. Effect of whole-body and local heating on cutaneous a -adrenergic receptor responsiveness in humans. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 97:122-128, 2002.

41. Cooke WH, Zhang R,  Zuckerman JH, Cui J, Wilson TE, Crandall CG,  Levine BD. Does nitric oxide buffer arterial pressure variability in humans? J. Appl. Physiol., 93:1437-1447, 2002.

42. Kondo N, Horikawa N, Aoki K, Shibasaki M, Inoue Y, Nishiyasu T, Crandall CG. Sweating responses to a sustained static exercise is dependent on thermal load in humans. Acta Physiol. Scand.175:289-295, 2002.

43. Cui J, Wilson TE, Crandall CG. Phenylephrine induced elevation in arterial blood pressure is attenuated in heat stressed humans. Am. J. Physiol. Reg. Comp. Physiology 283:R1221-R1226, 2002.

44. Carter R, Wilson TE, Smith ML, Watenpaugh DE, Crandall CG. Effects of mode of exercise recovery on thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses. J. Appl. Physiol. 93:1918-1924, 2002.

45. Shibasaki M, Wilson TE, Cui J, Crandall CG. Acetylcholine released from cholinergic nerves contributes to cutaneous vasodilation during heat stress. J. Appl. Physiol. 93:1947-1951, 2002.

46. Wilson TE, Shibasaki M, Cui J, Levine BD, Crandall CG. Effects of 14 days head-down tilt bed rest on cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 94:2113-2118, 2003.
47. Kondo N, Yanagimoto S, Nishiyasu T, Crandall CG. Effects of muscle metaboreceptor stimulation on cutaneous blood flow from glabrous and non-glabrous skin in mildly heated humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 94:1829-1835, 2003.
48. Crandall CG, Shibasaki M, Wilson TE, Cui J, Levine BD. Prolonged head-down tilt exposure reduces maximal cutaneous vasodilator and sweating capacity in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 94:2330-2336, 2003.
49. Shibasaki M, Kondo N, Crandall CG.  Non-Thermoregulatory modulation of sweating in humans.  Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 31:1:34-39, 2003.
50. Cui J, Zhang R, Wilson TE, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition does not affect regulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during head-up tilt. Am J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 285: H2105-H2110, 2003.
51. Shibasaki M, Wilson TE, Cui J, Levine BD, Crandall CG. Exercise throughout 6 degree head down tilt bed rest preserves thermoregulatory responses. J. of Applied Physiology, 95:1817-1823, 2003.
52. Wilson TE, Carter R III,  Cutler MJ, Cui J, Smith ML, Crandall CG. Active recovery attenuates the fall in sweat rate but not cutaneous vascular conductance following supine exercise. J. Appl. Physiol.. 96: 668-673, 2004.
53. Cui J, Zhang R, Wilson TE, Crandall CG. Spectral analysis of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in heat-stressed humans. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 286:H1101-H1106, 2004.
54. Shibasaki M, Secher NH, Selmer C, Kondo N, Crandall CG. Central command is capable of modulating sweating from non-glabrous skin. J. Physiol. 553:999-1004, 2004.
55. Zhang R, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Cerebral Hemodynamics during the Valsalva manuever: insights from the ganglionic blockade. Stroke, 35:843-847, 2004.
57. . Muscle sympathetic nerve activity during lower-body negative pressure is accentuated in heat-stressed humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 96:2103-2108, 2004.
58. Shibasaki M, Sakai M, Oda M, Crandall CG. Muscle mechanoreceptor modulation of sweat rate during recovery from moderate exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 96:2115-2119, 2004.
59. Durand S, Zhang R, Cui J, Wilson TE, Crandall CG. Evidence of a myogenic response in vasomotor control of forearm and palm cutaneous microcirculations. J. Appl. Physiol. 97:535-539, 2004.
60. Cui J, Wilson TE, Crandall CG. Orthostatic challenge does not alter skin sympathetic nerve activity in heat stressed humans. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical. 116:54-61, 2004
61. Durand S, Cui J, Williams K, Crandall CG. Skin surface cooling improves orthostatic tolerance during LBNP in normothermic individuals. Am. J. Physiol. Reg. Comp. Physiol., 286:R199-R205, 2004.
62. Zhang R, Wilson TE, Witkowski S, Cui J, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase does not alter dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans. Am J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol 286:H863-H869, 2004.
63. Crandall CG, Meyer DM, Davis SL. Palmar skin blood flow and temperature responses throughout endoscopic sympathectomy surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 100:277-283, 2005.
64. Durand S, Davis SL, Cui J, Crandall CG. Exogenous nitric oxide blunts sympathetically-mediated vasoconstriction in human skin. J. Physiol. 562:629-634, 2005.
65. Wilson TE, Cui J, Crandall CG. Mean body temperature does not modulate eccrine sweat rate during upright tilt. J. Appl. Physiol. 98:1207-1212, 2005.
66. Davis SL, Wilson TE, Vener JM, Crandall CG, Petajan JH, White AT. Pilocarpine-induced sweat gland function in individuals with multiple sclerosis. J. Appl. Physiol. 98:1740-1744, 2005.
67. Crandall CG. Heat stress and neural control of the circulation in humans.  In: Exercise, Nutrition, and Environmental Stress, Vol 4: International Sports Science Network Forum Nagano; in press.
68. Wilson TE, Zhang R, Levine BD, Crandall CG. Dynamic autoregulation of the cutaneous circulation: differential control in glabrous vs non-glabrous skin. Am J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.  289:H385-391, 2005.
69. Shibasaki M, Secher NH, Johnson JM, Crandall CG. Central command and the cutaneous vascular response to isometric exercise in heated humans. J. Physiol. 565:667-673, 2005.
70. Cui J, Durand S, Levine BD, Crandall CG.  Effect of skin surface cooling on central venous pressure during an orthostatic challenge.  Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289:H2429-H2433, 2005.
71. Okazaki K, Fu Q, Martini E, Zhang R, Crandall CG, Levine BD.  Vasoconstriction during venous congestion: effects of venoarteriolar response myogenic reflexes and hemodynamics of changing perfusion pressure.  Am. J. Physiol. Reg. Comp. Physiol. 289:R1354-R1359, 2005.
72. Cui J, Arbab-Zadeh A, Prasad A, Durand S,  Levine BD, Crandall CG. Effects of heat stress on thermoregulatory responses in congestive heart failure patients. Circulation. 112:2286-2292, 2005.
73. Cui J, Sathishkumar M, Crandall CG. Spectral characteristics of skin sympathetic nerve activity in heat stressed humans. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 290:H1601-H1609, 2006.
74. Shibasaki M, Durand S, Davis SL, Cui J, Crandall CG. Neural mechanisms of cutaneous vasoconstriction during orthostasis in the heat stressed human. J. Physiol. 575: 953-959, 2006

75. Davis SL, Fadel PJ, Cui J, Thomas GD, Crandall CG. Skin blood flow influences near infrared spectroscopy derived measurements of tissue oxygenation during heat stress. J. Appl. Physiol. 100:221-224, 2006.

76. Crandall CG. Heat stress and neural control of the circulation in humans.  In: Exercise, Nutrition, and Environmental Stress, Vol 4: International Sports Science Network Forum Nagano; in press.

77. Shibasaki M, Davis SL, Cui J, Durand DA, Keller DM, Crandall CG. Neurally mediated vasoconstriction is capable of decreasing skin blood flow during orthostasis in the heat stressed human. J.Physiol.575:953-959, 2006.

78. Wilson TE, Cui J, Zhang R, Crandall CG. Heat stress reduces cerebral blood velocity and markedly impairs orthostatic tolerance in humans.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291: R1443–R1448, 2006.

79. Keller DM, Cui J, Davis SL, Low DA, Crandall CG.  Heat stress enhances arterial barorefles control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity via increased sensitivity of burst gating, not burst area, in humans.J. Physiol. 573:445-451, 2006.

80. Keller DM, Davis SL, Low DA, Shibasaki M, Raven PB, Crandall CG. Carotid baroreceptor stimulation alters cutaneous vascular conductance during whole-body heating. J Physiol. 577:925-933, 2006..

81. Davis SL, Shibasaki M, Low DA, Cui J, Keller DM, Purdue GF, Hunt JL, Kowalske KJ, Crandall CG. Impaired cutaneous vasodilation and sweating in grafted skin during whole body heating. J Burn Care Res 28:427-434,2007.

82. Davis SL, Shibasaki M, Low DA, Cui J, Keller DM, Purdue GF, Hunt JL, Arnoldo BD, Kowalske KJ, Crandall CG. Skin grafting impairs post-synaptic cutaneous vasolidator and sweating responses. J Burn Care Res 28:435-441, 2007.

83. Kimura K, Low DA, Keller DM, Davis SL, Crandall CG. Cutaneous blood flow and sweat rate responses to exogenous administration of acetylcholine and methcholine. J. Appl. Physiol 102:1856-1861, 2007.

84. Low DA, Vu A, Brown M, Davis SL, Keller DM,. Levine BD, Crandall CG. Temporal thermometry fails to track body core temperature during heat stress.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 39:1029-1035, 2007.

85. Low DA, Shibasaki M, Davis SL, Keller DM, Crandall CG. Does local heating induced nitric oxide production attentuate vasoconstrictor responsiveness in human skin? J Appl Physiol 102:1839-1843, 2007.

86. Cui J, Durand S, Crandall CG. Baroreflex control muscle sympathetic nerve activity during skin surface cooling. J Appl Physiol. 103:1284-1289, 2007.

87. Wilson TA, Tollund C, Yoshiga CC, Dawson EA, Nissen P, Secher NH, Crandall CG. Effect of Heat and Cold Stress on Central Vascular Pressure relationships During Orthostatic Stress in Humans. J Physiol. 585:279-285, 2007.

1.        RO1 HL84072

Crandall (PI)

9/01/06 – 8/31/10

NIH – National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

“Neural and non-neural modulators of skin blood flow and sweating in     humans”

Findings from these projects will provide novel insight into how the brain controls of skin blood flow and sweating, and how these responses are modulated by non-neural events.

Role:  PI

5.        R01 HL074873

          Completed Research Support

Victor (PI) 

7/1/1999 - 6/30/2002

National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH 

"Cocaine and sympathetic nerve activity in humans"

The primary purpose of Dr. Crandall's component of this grant was to investigate the effects of  cocaine on thermoregulatory responses in humans. 

Role:  Collaborator

5.  Grant # 20000507

Levine/Crandall (co-PIs)

7/1/2000 - 6/30/2002 no cost extension till 12/31/2003)

Doris Duke Charitable Foundation

"Heat Intolerance in Elderly Patients with CHF"

The purpose of this grant is to identify the mechanisms of heat intolerance in patients with heart failure (CHF)

Role:  Co-PI.

6.    R01 Grant #HL61388 

Crandall (PI)

1/01/99 – 12/31/02 (no cost extension till 12/31/2003) 

NIH – Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

"Hyperthermia Effects on Human Baroreflex Function"The effects of hyperthermia on human baroreflex control of blood pressure are unknown

The primary purpose of this grant is to assess the effects of hyperthermia on baroreceptor regulation of blood pressure in humans.

Role:  PI

7.    Grant # 0225036Y

Cui (PI)

7/1/2002 - 6/30/2004

AHA

"Mechanisms of Impaired Thermoregulation in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure"

The purpose of this research is to perform work to identify mechanisms of decrease in heat intolerance in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), the function of pre- and post-synpatic regulation of skin blood flow and sweating will be tested in individuals with CHF.  There are strong direct and indirect evidence to support the hypothesis that the thermoregulation is impaired in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).  During a heat stress patients with CHF may not perfuse the skin adequately to appropriately thermoregulate, leading to grave risk for heat injury.

Role:  Sponsor